CO129-626-3 Labour Department- report to Labour Commissioner 1-3-1951 - 30-6-1952 — Page 120

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Shanghai and China came to be known as an employer's paradise with plentiful, cheap, and industrious labour. In these factories owned by Chinese, Japanese, and European companies child labour was common and the old arguments were resurrected in defence of the practice.

Dissatisfaction with the incapacity of the Manchu Government took the traditional form of the formation of more secret societies. The "Society for the Regeneration of China" or Hsing Chung Hui was founded by Dr. Sun Yat Sen in Honolulu in 1894 with the avowed object of driving out the Manchus and regenerating Chine. The headquarters of the Society were later transferred to Hong Kong. In 1905 the sing Chung Hui combined with other revolutionary societies to form the Tung Meng Hui. The purpose of the new society was to expel the Manchus, regenerate China, establish a republic, and enforce land nationalization. The revolution which was finally successful, started on 10th October (now Chinese National Day) 1911, and

Sun Yat Sen became provisional President on 1st January 1912. In 1912 the headquarters of the Tung Meng Hui were moved from

Tokyo to Nanking, and the party was re-organised with Sun Yat

Sen as director. By this time the party had adopted state socialism and international equality among its professed objects. Later in the same year the Tung Meng Hui combined

with certain other political parties to form the Kuomintang,

from whose profession of policy state socialism was dropped. The Kuomintang developed into the political opposition to Yuan

Shih Kei who became President of Ching in 1913 and who was

accused of being a traitor to the Republic. The Kuomintang was 'dissolved by Yuan Shih Kai, and was re-organized by Sun Yat Sen

at Tokyo in 1914. Yuah' Shin Kri died in 1916 after an attempt to restore the monarchy with himself as emperor, which consolidated the opposition of the Kuomintang. That party was again re-organised in 1919 as the "Chinese Kuomintang". In 1920 a National Government was proclrimed in Canton with Sun Yat Sen as Presidnet, and its objects became the enforcement of the "Three People's Principles" or "San Min Chu I" of Sun Yat Sen, and the establishment of his Five-Power Constitution. It is interesting to observe thet the oath of initiation into the party required members to obedience to orders and the observen-

ce of secrecy.

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After various vicissitudes the party established itself at Canton, and its avowed objects became more and more socialistic and anti-foreign. In 1924, Russian assistance was

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